Applied research methods Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Applied methods - Research Proposal Example Opening up another store is a part of the rigorous expansion plan that the business has on its cards (http://www.debenhams.com). Debenhams plc is a UK based retailing business, operating as a departmental store within UK and across various countries. It is also listed at the LSE by the symbol DEB. The business was formed centuries back in 1778. As of April 2009, the company owned over 150 outlets and 40 franchises (http://www.debenhams.com). The revenues for the firm, for the year 2008, exceeded GBP 1.8 billion, while operating income was in excess of GBP 170 million; the net income figure remained over GBP 70 million, with an employee base of over 27,000 individuals (http://www.debenhams.com). Based on the above discussion, it can be stated that the aim of this research is to conduct the various research techniques, primarily the questionnaires and focus groups on the prospect customers and interviews from the company officials (as the later chapter of proposed study states). The underlying objective of the research would be to realize the realistic conditions and ground realities amongst the prospect customers that are they actually in a welcome mode for a new store in their respective region. It is important to absorb as many subtle cultural comments about the proposed stores as possible, so a relaxed survey and focus group environment is essential, yet the retailing concept being discussed must be as realistic to the respondent as possible. The absolute ideal situation would be to conduct the surveys in a complete simulation of the real version of the store being proposed, including fully-stocked display racks, lighting, flooring, sounds, smells, air conditioning, cash registers etc. and with realistic prices, so that the customer gets a clear idea of what they are being asked to pay for and why. If a full-scale mock-up is unaffordable a large-screen presentation of a virtual simulation of a store would be prove critical. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Retailing and Retail Business Dunne (2004, p 52) states, and is agreed by various authors such as Findlay (2002, p 105), Bruce (2004, p 60), Hinfelaar (2004, p 90) and Cateora (2002, p 205), that retail sector is one of the booming sectors in the global economy today, with not just boom associated but tremendous level of competition also associated to the line of business. Retailing business is mainly the approach from business to consumer, or more commonly stated as B2C approach of a business, whereby, the goods and services are transferred from business to consumers/customers via fixed locations such as departmental stores, display showrooms, etc (Journal of Retailing, p 140). Supermarkets, departmental stores, factory outlets, fast food, grocery shops, are prime examples of retailing business, while the real companies that can

Company (McCormick) Essay Example for Free

Company (McCormick) Essay â€Å"Since 1889, McCormick has been the Company (McCormick) to turn to for flavor expertise. Today the world relies on their prized consumer brands, trusted ingredients and culinary know-how. McCormick is a global leader in the manufacture, marketing and distribution of spices, seasonings and flavors to the entire food industry. Customers range from retail outlets and food manufacturers to food service businesses.† The McCormick Company was started in Baltimore, in one room and a cellar by 25-year-old Willoughby M. McCormick. McCormick’s first products were root beer, flavoring extracts, and fruit syrups and juices, sold under Bee Brand and Silver Medal trademarks; Iron Glue (Sticks Everything But the Buyer) and Uncle Sams Nerve and Bone Liniment (For Man Or Beast). Products were sold door-to-door and the motto was Make the Best Someone Will Buy It. In 1896 McCormick bought F. G. Emmett Spice Company of Philadelphia. All machinery was shipped to Baltimore, as the firm prepared to enter the spice field. In the 1900’s its export office opened in New York City, products were shipped to South and Central America, South Africa, East and West Indies, and Europe. The Banquet Brand was established for spices and mustard and they incorporated in Maine, and the firm now enjoyed a wide good standing reputation as manufacturing chemist, drug spice millers, importers and exporters. The company suffered a great loss of all material assets and records in the Great Baltimore Fire, but within 10 months, a new five-story building was erected on the old site. McCormick added Bee Brand Tea to the product line and became one of the first manufacturers of tea in gauze pouches, thereby introducing tea bags. In the summer of 1912, Charles P. McCormick began working as shipping department clerk and in 1925 he was elected to the Board of Directors. On November 4, 1093 the founder Willoughby McCormick died, thereby leaving 36-year-old C. P. McCormick as elected President and Chairman of the Board. Faced with the serious crisis of the Depression, he quickly implemented a new business philosophy called Multiple Management. A Junior Board of Directors was established. Though out the early 1900’s many business of the like were acquired and the McCormick’s target market was broadened. In 1970 Charles P. McCormick died of a heart attack and Harry K. Wells became Chief Executive Officer on December 1 following John N. Curletts retirement from the Company. Mr. Curlett remained Chairman of the Board. Just as in the early portion of the 19th century McCromi 1972 The Company entered a joint venture with Promociones y Commisiones, S.A. of the Republic of Mexico, purchased from the John Kraft Sesame Corporation of Paris, Tex. The venture was renamed Sesame Products, Inc. Industrial Flavor Group is established to encompass activities of Industrial Flavor Division (formerly Industrial Products Division), Botanicus Pte. Ltd., and Sesame Products, Inc. 1974 Acquired Golden West Foods, Inc., of Gilroy, Calif., to manufacture and distribute frozen food products. The Company entered the frozen foods field under the Schilling label with frozen sour dough breads at the retail level and with food service products. 1975 Acquired All Portions, Inc., for $4.5 million, which manufactures portion-control packets of condiments, with plants in San Fernando, Calif., Indianapolis, Ind., and Atlanta, Ga. The two major retail units of the Company the McCormick Division in the east and the Schilling Division in the West, were consolidated to form a new Grocery Products Division, headquartered in Baltimore. The Management Services Division was established to provide improved information services to all units. 1976 Chicago-based TV Time Foods, Inc., producer of popcorn products, was purchased for $3.75 million as a wholly owned subsidiary. 1977 Harry K. Wells elected Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. John N. Curlett named Chairman Emeritus. Astro Foods, Inc., of San Rafael, Calif., producer of specialty frozen food products for airlines and restaurants, was purchased for $325,000 as a wholly owned subsidiary. 1979 $3.5 million plant in Bedford, Va., opened for production of frozen onion rings by Golden West Foods. Gilroy Foods dedicated solar energy project to be used for dehydration of onions and garlic. Han-Dee Pak, Inc., a portion-control manufacturer in Atlanta, Ga., was purchased for $6 million and became a subsidiary. Harry K. Wells was elected Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and Hillsman V. Wilson was elected President and Chief Operating Officer. Sandoz, Ltd., a Swiss pharmaceutical firm, announced its intentions to buy the entire company in October 1979. McCormick supplies spices, herbs, extracts, seasoning blends, sauces, marinades and specialty foods to an assortment of retail outlets such as grocery, mass merchandise, warehouse clubs, discount and drug stores. In the U.S. their principal brands include McCormick ®, Lawry’s ®, Zatarain’s ®, Thai Kitchen ®, Simply Asia ® and El Guapo ®. In Canada their brands are Club House ® and Billy Bee ®, in the U.K. it’s Schwartz ® and in France it’s Ducros ® and Vahine ®. In other markets, including Australia and China, the McCormick brand is primarily used. Consumers can find thier products in nearly 100 countries around the world. To drive thier consumer business we are developing innovative products, increasing marketing effectiveness, expanding distribution and acquiring leading brands and niche products. The industrial business supplies products to many of the world’s top food manufacturers and food service businesses from locations primarily in North America, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Products include seasoning blends, natural spices and herbs, wet flavors, coating systems and compound flavors. While the McCormick name may not be on the package or menu, we add great taste to a wide range of packaged food including snacks, savory side dishes and cereals, as well as restaurant items that include sandwich sauces, chicken coatings and bread toppings. To grow our industrial business we are supporting the global expansion of customers, building current and new strategic partnerships and developing consumer-preferred, value-added products. With a solid balance sheet and strong cash flow, McCormick has paid dividends every year since 1925 and increased its dividend per share in each of the last 24 years. Effective strategies, our Multiple Management philosophy and a great team of employees are key ingredients behind our financial performance and increased shareholder value. Retail outlets, food manufacturers and food service businesses they all depend on their spices, seasonings and flavorings. McCormick is so prevalent throughout the food industry that its very likely you enjoy the taste of McCormick every day. McCormick employees conduct business under the leadership of their Chief Executive Officer who is subject to the oversight and direction of a Board of Directors. We are open and honest in business dealings both inside and outside the Company. We serve our customers, consumers, suppliers and communities in accordance with the highest standards of business ethics.

American Dream in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald :: essays research papers

Essential Question: What is the American Dream? America is the land with the most dreamers. America is the land of opportunity and equality. In America your dreams can be fulfilled if you work hard to achieve your goals. The American dream to most is, to be wealthy and to be able to afford anything. Wealth is a plus in life because you can afford expensive items that do not necessarily have a use, but it does not necessarily matter how hard you try or how much you spend you can not buy happiness. Although being wealthy can make you seem happy on the outside, on the inside you would not be as happy as you seem. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author shows how being wealthy will not make you happy. Many people have voiced their opinions of the America dream. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author tries to show you that wealthiness is a luxury not the American dream. And as I sat there, brooding on the old unknown world, I thought of Gatsby?s wonder when he first picked out that green light at the end of Daisy?s dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dreams must have seemed so close that he can hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. (Fitzgerald) To put in simpler terms sometimes your American dream can be so close that you can taste it but it is not close enough to bite it. F. Scott Fitzgerald portrayed his view of the American dream through a character named Jay Gatsby. In the novel Jay Gatsby?s American dream was to get an old girlfriend back by showing off his wealth, but all he got was a bullet that killed him. In the novel he also states that everyone has an American dream and sometimes surpasses it in the process of grasping it. Gatsby It is believed that every person has a dream to accomplish in life but only those who believe can achieve them. ?No man e`er was glorious who was not laborious. Wealth is not his that has it, but his that enjoys it? (Franklin). Franklin believed that you can only spoil yourself if you can afford to.

Delisting the Grey Wolf Essay -- Nature Animals Extinction Essays

Delisting the Grey Wolf The United States Fish and Wildlife Service are considering removing the gray wolf from the endangered species list once Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming have enough wolves to be deemed sufficient to continue to expand the wolf population, requiring only that each of these three states have a management plan in effect to prevent the gray wolf from becoming endangered again. With the current attitude of the governments in these states, the wolf should not lose their federal support under the Endangered Species Act as it would merely serve to cause the wolves to become endangered once again, or at best, held to the absolute minimum population that the states can pass off as â€Å"viable, self-sustaining populations† (â€Å"bill†, par. 4). Idaho’s legislature makes little attempt to hide their wish to be rid of the wolves completely. Within the very text of the senate concurrent resolution that seeks the delisting of the wolves, it is stated that â€Å"The State of Idaho is on the record asking the federal government to remove wolves from the state by the adoption in 2001 of House Joint Memorial No. 5. The position reflected in House Joint Memorial No. 5 continues to be the official position of the State of Idaho† (State, 1). The grudging condensation of the legislature to put up with the wolves follows this, declaring in the war-weary voice of an unjustly put-upon that â€Å"in order to use every available option to mitigate the severe impacts on the residents of the State of Idaho, the state will seek delisting and manage wolves at recovery levels that will ensure viable, self-sustaining populations† (State, 1) which is later defined as 15 packs, with as few as 10 packs being acceptable to the st ate before control would reve... ... â€Å"Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2001 Annual Report.† U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2001 . State Affairs Wolf Conservation/Management Plan. Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 134 15 Mar. 2002 . â€Å"Wolf foes see delisting as opportunity.† The Idaho Statesman 22 Dec. 2002 . â€Å"Wolf management bill sent to House floor.† The Idaho Statesman 14 Mar. 2002 . â€Å"Wyoming draft plan for gray wolves criticized.† The Idaho Statesman 9 Nov. 2002 . â€Å"Wyoming plan for wolves gets heat.† The Idaho Statesman 26 Nov. 2002 .

It is healthy to desire Essay

In order to get almost any earthly thing on your own, you must first deserve it before it is healthy to desire it. You deserve something – in the only sense that ultimately satisfies – only when you work for it. At that point it is healthier to desire it. Better to be unattached to the things of this world until they are manifest, lest they confuse the ultimate objective: to act and behave in such a way that we are worthy of our heartfelt desires. This quotation is particularly applicable with regard to the apparent secret to happiness: love. Most earthly love is conditional, we must deserve it in some way before receiving it. If you put yourself in a position to deserve it, you are more likely to receive it, so desiring it becomes rational, rather than wishful thinking. The most common saying is â€Å"First deserve then desire†. This is best for the people who have clear goals in life. So, they define their goals, work hard yo achieve it and finally get it. It gives real feeling of accomplishment, feeling of really owning your life i.e. you are what you wanted to be. Then there is other category of people also who are not so sure of their goals. They are bit confused, so they try to get what seems best at the present moment (do not try that hard to get it and do not know about its contribution to their final goal). Sometimes they also get the reward with their little efforts. But their isn’t any free lunch, so then they have to prove themselves to be worthy of it. It is tougher now then proving before getting reward. Since now they have to compete with the people belong to first category, who have already proven them and habitual of hard work. So there are two main hurdles – 1) Overcoming starting inertia. 2) Extra pressure due to increased expectations (including our own expectations). Sometimes these may lead to extreme depression also which is less likely in first category. But if you can prove now, you would get the feeling of being worthy, get inspiration†¦

Investigation Into The Rate of Water Uptake By Transpiration Essays

Investigation Into The Rate of Water Uptake By Transpiration Essays Investigation Into The Rate of Water Uptake By Transpiration Essay Investigation Into The Rate of Water Uptake By Transpiration Essay The rate of water uptake in a plant is directly proportional to the surface area of the leaves on the plant. As the surface area is reduced, the time taken for the water to travel up the stem over the same distance will increase.Background Knowledge:Plants add a considerable volume of moisture to the atmosphere. After absorbing water through their roots, the water travels up the stem to the leaves where over 99% of the absorbed water is lost through the leaves by a process named transpiration. The Sun provides the energy required to turn the water in the leaves into a vapour, causing it to diffuse out of the plant and into the atmosphere. Water evaporates from the leaves and causes a force that pulls the water up the stem. The water travels through the vessels in the vascular bundles and this flow of water is called the transpiration stream.Vascular tissue is made up of xylem and phloem. These tissues are concerned with the translocation (transport) of water a nd nutrients around the plant. Xylem carries mainly water and mineral salts, whereas phloem carries mainly organic solutes in solution, for example sugars. As the vascular tissue forms a transport system around the plant, a large, complex body will develop.Xylem fibres are thought to have originated from tracheids (single cells that are elongated and lignified), however they are shorter and narrower than tracheids. Overlapping walls are present at the end of the xylem. Phloem resemble xylem as they also have a tubular structure that is modified for translocation. The tubes are composed of living cells, and there are five different cell types: sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma, fibres and schlerids.See Figure 1a that shows how phloem and xylem play an important role in transpiration. Figure 1b shows how gaseous exchange occurs in leaves..Transpiration is the evaporation of water from leaves; therefore any change that increases or reduces evaporation will have the same effect on transpiration. The following variables can affect the rate of transpiration.Light intensity Light itself does not directly affect transpiration, but in daylight the stomata of the leaves are open. This allows the water vapour in the leaves to diffuse out of the plant into the atmosphere. At night, when the stomata are closed, transpiration rates are greatly reduced. Generally, transpiration speeds up when the light intensity increases as the stomata respond to changes in the light intensity.Humidity If the air is very humid it can accept very little from the plants and therefore transpiration slows down. In dry air, the diffusion of water vapour from the leaf to the atmosphere will be rapid.Temperature Warm air can hold more water than cool air. Thus, transpiration will take place more rapidly in warm air. When the sun shines on the leaves, they will absorb heat as well as light. This warms them up and increases the rate of transpiration.Air movements In still air, the region surrounding a transpiring leaf will become saturated with water vapour so that no more can escape from the leaf. In these conditions, transpiration will slow down. In moving air, the water vapour will be swept away from the leaf as fast as it diffuses out. This will increase the rate of transpiration.Leaf surface area A reduction in leaf surface area will reduce the rate of transpiration, as there will be a smaller distribution of stomatal pores.Cuticle The thinner the leaf cuticle layer, the greater the rate of cuticular transpiration. The upper surface of dicotyledonous leaves generally has a thicker cuticle compared with the lower layer. Thick, waxy cuticles can virtually eliminate cuticular transpiration and the shine reflects solar radiation.Stomata The greater the number of stomata per unit area, the greater the rate of transpiration. Plants showing xeromorphic adaptations usually have reduced numbers of stomata. In dicotyledonous plants, the lower leaf surface usua lly possesses more stomata than the upper surface.In order to make this a fair experiment, the following precautions need to be taken. My experiment will be conducted inside a science lab at school, away from the windows. The light intensity should not change during the experiment. The humidity of the air will not change within the laboratory. There is a thermostat located within the laboratories, and therefore the temperature should remain constant. There is an air conditioning unit installed in order to control the temperature, but it should not affect my experiment. I am unable to change the thickness of the cuticle, but I will use the same plant for each attempt. I will also not be able to change the number of stomata present on the leafs surface; therefore I will assume that there will be an equal spread of stomata over each and every surface.All of these are factors that may affect the experiment, but hopefully I will be able to conduct a fair test.Plan:For this experiment I w ill be using a simple potometer (from pot meaning drink and meter meaning measure) to measure the rate of water uptake in a plant, and how this rate is affected by leaf surface area.Apparatus:1. Privet plant (used as it has many leaves that may be easily counted and that are about the same size)2. Capillary tubing with water used as a meniscus scale (each mm on the scale is equivalent to 1mm? of water I will use 50mm)3. Beaker of water4. Stand (this will help to support the plant)5. Stop clock (showing minutes, seconds and 1/10th second)See Figure 2 that shows how I will set up the apparatus. It must be secure on the tabletop. This is so that it is not dangerous in any way to anyone else.Method:1. I will cut a privet plant underwater about 3cm up the stem. This will remove any blockages in the xylem from when the plant was cut previously. The xylem must not be crushed, so the plant will be cut at an angle with a sharp blade. The plant will be cut underwater to prevent any air bubbl es getting into the xylem, as this may affect the final results.2. I will submerge the capillary tube in the same water bowl. It will be attached to the plant, making sure no air bubbles are inside. I must make sure the open end of the capillary tube is also underwater so that all of the apparatus can be lifted out.3. This will make sure that the whole system is completely airtight. When the plant transpires, water will be pulled along the tubing. I will allow the apparatus to equilibrate for about 5 minutes.4. I am going to introduce an air bubble into the system. Holding the tubing out of the water for a minute can do this.5. I will make sure the bubble starts at the correct place on the scale, and time how long it takes for the bubble to move 50mm. This can be achieved by allowing the bubble to pass from no.1 to no.5 on the scale. Afterwards I will move the bubble back with the water.6. I will note the times in the table.7. I am going to repeat each attempt three times. This shou ld give me enough readings to be able to calculate the mean average if need be. Each measurement will be taken from the same point of the bubble.Figure 3 shows how I am going to make sure the bubble is at the correct place on the scale. The bubble can be moved backwards by opening the tap from the reservoir and allowing more water in.8. Ten leaves will be removed and the surface area of the leaves calculated. The test will be repeated again. Each time I will remove ten leaves, and the last test I conduct will have only ten leaves on the plant.9. I will be conducting a practice experiment, with just one reading for each set of leaves that I remove. This will appear in my results as 1st attempt.10. Three other readings will be taken with another branch of the same privet plant. It is the surface area of this second branch that I will record. The surface area will be used to compare how the rate of uptake will change against the number of leaves I will be removing.Safety Procedures:* I will not be using any hazardous substances, but I must be careful not to spill any water on the workbench.* The sharp blade must be used with care, as it is very sharp and fingers can be cut easily. When they are not being used, the blades must be kept inside their box so that other people will not hurt themselves if they are left lying around.* I will not break any branches off the privet hedge that I will not be using for the experiment. This means that I will not be disturbing any organisms unnecessarily that live on the plant.* The apparatus must be positioned steadily on the surface. It is quite bulky, and I must be careful not to knock it over and spill the water.Predictions:I predict that if the surface area of the plants leaves is reduced the rate of uptake will slow down. This is because the number of stomata will be reduced, and transpiration rates will be reduced. I predict that the rate will decrease in proportion to the number of leaves removed, for example if the numb er of leaves is reduced by 50%, the rate of uptake will be reduced by 50%. The rate of transpiration is directly proportional to the surface area of the leaves on the plant. This is assuming that all other variables will remain constant. I am assuming that there will be an equal distribution of stomata on all of the leaves, and also that the surface area of each set of 10 leaves I remove will be approximately the same. For example, each set may have a combined surface area of 50 cm?.See Figure 4 that shows how I predict the rate of uptake will change. As I am unsure of the rate at present, I have left the axis unlabelled and shown only the general trend.Method:This was carried out as stated earlier, with no changes made to the original plan. The first attempt was carried out on a different branch to the other three attempts. This was to test the experiment, and it also gave me an approximate time of the whole experiment.Results:Time of Water Uptake (seconds)Number of Leaves1st Attem pt2nd Attempt3rd Attempt4th Attempt1003623753673849042342743448580409423423409703754634234716045848548049750505561543609404046945746843040978160970420704892704735101612962862943I choose to display the rate of water uptake (mm/second) rather than the time taken to travel 50mm as this gave a more accurate indication of how quickly the bubble travelled:50mm = Rate in mm/secondTime taken (s)Rate of Water Uptake (mm/second)Number of Leaves1st Attempt2nd Attempt3rd Attempt4th Attempt1000.1380.1330.1360.130900.1180.1170.1150.103800.1220.1180.1180.122700.1330.1070.1180.106600.1090.1030.1040.101500.0990.0890.0920.082400.1240.0720.0870.073300.1220.0640.0820.071200.0710.0560.0710.068100.0310.0520.0580.053I have plotted the results graph in a conventional way, with the number of leaves starting at 10 and leading up to 100. Although I carried out the experiment from 100 downwards, it seemed logical to plot the results the other way around. This shows the pattern clearly. I did carry out an exper iment for 0 leaves, but the rate was too slow, and it is for this reason that I have not displayed the results I found.Figure 5 shows the results. The rates are shown, as these are easily comparable numbers to work with. They give a more accurate view of how quickly the bubble travelled over 50mm.It is clear from the graph that there is an increase in the time taken as the number of leaves decreases. The rate slows down, and the bubble travels more slowly. This is due to the decreasing rate of transpiration. As the number of leaves decreases, the numbers of stomata decrease and the rate of transpiration slows down. As the transpiration rate slows down, the rate of uptake is slowed down to prevent further water loss.Conclusion:My results show that the rate of uptake slowed down as more leaves were removed, and as the surface area of the plant decreased.The first attempt proved very useful, as I did not anticipate that the air-conditioning unit would affect my results as much as it di d. The graph that I drew with the rates of water uptake shows clearly all four attempts. From this, I can see that the mean average rate for 100 leaves was 0.134mm/second. The mean average rate for 10 leaves was 0.049mm/second.This experiment has matched my predictions, however not quite as well as I had hoped. I had predicted that when the leaf surface area was reduced by 50%, the rate of water uptake would decrease by 50%. This was not the case. The mean rate of transpiration for 50 leaves is not 50% of the mean average for 100 leaves; it is nearer to 67%. The mean rate of water uptake for 50 leaves was 0.091mm/second.The anomalies from the first attempt have been marked as A, B and C. A and B have higher rates of water uptake than expected. This was because the air conditioning unit came on and moved the air around the leaves more quickly, thus causing the plant to transpire more quickly. C also has a higher rate of water uptake than expected due to the light intensity changing. The first attempt was conducted in front of a window, and when the Sun came out the light intensity increased. The other three attempts were not conducted directly in front of a window. The time taken to transpire increases as the leaf surface area decreases. This is due to the removal of stomatal pores that allow the plant to exchange gases and water vapour. To prevent dehydration, the pores close to prevent further water loss and the rate of transpiration slows down.There was only one other anomaly throughout the whole experiment. This has been marked on the results graph as D, and occurred on the fourth attempt for 90 leaves. Although I had moved the apparatus away from the air-conditioning unit previously, on this occasion the breeze still affected my results. It did not disturb the air surrounding the leaf, as it did previously. This would have increased the rate of uptake. The cooler air meant that transpiration slowed down, having a direct effect on the rate of water uptake.T he rate of transpiration was fastest for all four attempts when there were all 100 leaves on the plant, and slowest when there were only 10 leaves on the plant. All of the conditions were kept constant; therefore it was the stomatal quantity that affected the rate of transpiration.It was important that I measured the rate of uptake and not the rate of transpiration. Transpiration is very difficult to measure. The volume of water taken up is far greater than the volume of water given out through transpiration. This is because a large volume of water is used by the plant for turgidity, photosynthesis and other biological functions such as hydrolytic processes.My results shown in Figure 5 are almost linear. This matches my predicted graph, and is due to the proportion of leaves removed at each time. Although I did not realise at the time, I was removing approximately 10% of the leaves each time. This was purely coincidental, and was only discovered when I plotted the surface area again st the number of leaves in Figure 6. The trend shown in Figure 5 is mirrored in Figure 6. This pattern may also have followed my predictions for another reason. The stomatal distribution across the leaf surface area may have been equal across all 100 leaves. If this was true, the total number of stomatal pores would have decreased in proportion to the number of leaves too.Evaluation:The first attempt was affected by the air-conditioning and light intensity. However, this was my practise experiment and I decided to then use another branch, approximately the same size for the next three attempts. All of the surface area calculations shown in Figure 6 are for the second branch. I made sure that the air-conditioning would not start during the second experiment, and also that I did not set up the apparatus next to another window. When the Sun shone through the window, it was very bright and the light intensity increased. I did not realise that these two factors could affect the rate of t ranspiration as much as they did.I did not take into account the stomatal distribution in either of my two experiments. This would have been an interesting variable to look at, however I found that I was short on time. I would have liked to have looked at the lower epidermis underneath a microscope, and made an approximate stomatal count. I could have seen if they were evenly spread, and if not, still made an estimated rate of uptake from my other results.My results were very pleasing overall. They followed my predicted trend and I have been able to see why, due to measuring the total surface area of the second branch. I have accounted for my anomalies as the experiment was affected by factors beyond my control. I had not realised that the air-conditioning and positioning of the apparatus would affect the experiment in such an extreme fashion. Factors such as light intensity and the temperature of the surrounding air may only change slightly, but have a larger effect on the overall experiment.I would have liked to repeat the experiment again, so that I could obtain more results. This would give me a more significant mean average, and I would have been able to leave out the anomalies in the analysis. A source of error may have been counting the number of leaves rather than the surface area. Nevertheless, it turned out that I was removing the leaves by nearly 10% each time.I would improve the experiment by measuring the stomatal distribution next time. This will allow me to calculate a more significant rate of uptake by calculating how much water is taken in through each stomatal pore. I could then estimate how much water should be taken in. If I was able to calculate the transpiration rate as well, I would be able to work out how much water was being used within the plant.Generally, this experiment was conducted well. The anomalies were not large enough to change the trend in any way, and the overall results were beneficial in proving the hypothesis correct.

The Difference Between Alcohol and Ethanol

The Difference Between Alcohol and Ethanol The distinction between alcohol and ethanol is pretty simple. Ethanol, or ethyl alcohol, is the only type of alcohol that you can drink without seriously harming yourself, and then only if it hasnt been denatured or doesnt contain toxic impurities. Ethanol is sometimes called grain alcohol because it is the main type of alcohol produced by grain fermentation. Methanol and Isopropyl Alcohol Other types of alcohol include methanol (methyl alcohol) and isopropanol (rubbing alcohol or isopropyl alcohol). Alcohol refers to any chemical having an -OH functional group (hydroxyl)Â  bound to a saturated carbon atom. In some cases, you can substitute one alcohol for another or use a mixture of alcohols. However, each alcohol is a distinct molecule, with its own melting point, boiling point, reactivity, toxicity, and other properties. If a specific alcohol is mentioned for a project, dont make substitutions. This is especially important if the alcohol is to be used in foods, drugs, or cosmetics. You can recognize that a chemical is an alcohol if it has the -ol ending. Other alcohols may have names starting with a hydroxy- prefix. Hydroxy appears in a name if there is a higher priority functional group in the molecule. Origin of 'Ethanol' Ethyl alcohol got the name ethanol in 1892 as a combination of the word ethane- the name of the carbon chain- and the -ol ending for an alcohol. The common names for methyl alcohol- methanol- and isoproyl alcohol- isopropanol- follow the same rules. The bottom line is that all ethanol is alcohol, but not all alcohols are ethanol.

Free Essays on The Titanic Disaster

THE TITANIC DISASTER The Titanic Disaster was one of the worst maritime disasters in history. The British Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland, by Harland and Wolff shipyard. It was the largest moving man-made object ever created, weighing 46,000 gross tons and measuring 882 feet long. The Titanic left on its maiden voyage on April 10, 1912 from Southampton to New York City. It disastrously struck an iceberg about 153 kilometers south of the Grand Banks, just before midnight on April 14, 1912. The Titanic was owned by millionaire J. P. Morgan, Jr. He was to be aboard the Titanic for her maiden voyage, but due to poor health cancelled his trip at the last minute. Edward J. Smith was granted the honor of being the first Captain of the Titanic and he was one of 1,523 who perished in the disaster. People had been skeptical about the Titanic. There were even rumors about this extremely large ship. One of the rumors stated that it was unsinkable. Nevertheless, this rumor was without a doubt wrong. Proof being that once it collided with an iceberg, which scrapped the right side leaving an opening of 300 feet, it sank in less than three hours. Investigations have found that the ship had been traveling too fast in the dangerous waters, and that there were only twenty lifeboats onboard. This was only enough to carry half of the passengers and crew. Unfortunately, the majority of the passengers found themselves left to the mercy of the icy, cold waters. Another big factor was that the crew didn’t pay enough attention to the ice warnings about which they were notified several times before the tragic incident. It was 2:20 a.m. on April 15 by the time the vessel had been fully immersed into the water. Of the 2,228 passengers and crew it was carrying, 1,523 died, and only 705 were rescued. The Titanic was divided into sixteen watertight compartments by means of watertight bulkheads, which contained electric doo... Free Essays on The Titanic Disaster Free Essays on The Titanic Disaster THE TITANIC DISASTER The Titanic Disaster was one of the worst maritime disasters in history. The British Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland, by Harland and Wolff shipyard. It was the largest moving man-made object ever created, weighing 46,000 gross tons and measuring 882 feet long. The Titanic left on its maiden voyage on April 10, 1912 from Southampton to New York City. It disastrously struck an iceberg about 153 kilometers south of the Grand Banks, just before midnight on April 14, 1912. The Titanic was owned by millionaire J. P. Morgan, Jr. He was to be aboard the Titanic for her maiden voyage, but due to poor health cancelled his trip at the last minute. Edward J. Smith was granted the honor of being the first Captain of the Titanic and he was one of 1,523 who perished in the disaster. People had been skeptical about the Titanic. There were even rumors about this extremely large ship. One of the rumors stated that it was unsinkable. Nevertheless, this rumor was without a doubt wrong. Proof being that once it collided with an iceberg, which scrapped the right side leaving an opening of 300 feet, it sank in less than three hours. Investigations have found that the ship had been traveling too fast in the dangerous waters, and that there were only twenty lifeboats onboard. This was only enough to carry half of the passengers and crew. Unfortunately, the majority of the passengers found themselves left to the mercy of the icy, cold waters. Another big factor was that the crew didn’t pay enough attention to the ice warnings about which they were notified several times before the tragic incident. It was 2:20 a.m. on April 15 by the time the vessel had been fully immersed into the water. Of the 2,228 passengers and crew it was carrying, 1,523 died, and only 705 were rescued. The Titanic was divided into sixteen watertight compartments by means of watertight bulkheads, which contained electric doo...

Personal Statement on a subject of Social Injustice in the US and why

On a subject of Social Injustice in the US and why you want to be an intern with GO Project - Personal Statement Example My aim shall be to provide avenues in which children are recognized in society. This means allowing children to be aware of their environments while at the same time enabling them survive in societies that limits their freedom. Child negligence remains a problem in the 21st century and it is up to the society to change this fact. There is need to focus on how to equip children with the required knowledge to survive current societies. My ambition is to create a generational change where society will embrace and treated children equally. Empowering children will mean securing their future hence creating a responsible society. My passion for children will prompt me to develop mechanism that allow children to access basic education and enhance their skills and talents. The future of these children is paramount to any development agenda. They have the potential to transform the society and my aim would be to ensure they achieve these

American Beer Market Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Beer Market - Case Study Example US sales and market shares are shown in the following: Bud Light has seen a 2% growth in 2008 which is greater than other light beer competitor. The brand still remains as the top-selling beer in global terms. Growth drivers include rising market share in Mexico which went up 27% in 2008 and made the brand Mexico's No.1 light beer brand. This was due to the equity investment made by the company to the Grupo Modelo S.A.B. de C.V. which has 56% of the Mexico beer market. In Canada, sales volume went up by 30% due to innovative marketing strategies and sponsorships of popular teams in the National Hockey League like the Toronto Blue Jays. Anheuser-Busch has also set its eyes in China's emerging and burgeoning market. A production facility has already been established in the country where the main product to be made was Bud Lite. The company has also teamed up with China's oldest and largest brewery, Tsingtao. In October of 2007, owners of Miller and Coors announced a joint venture to try to unsettle the behemoth Anheuser-Busch which had 51% of the total beer market. Miller commands 18% while Coors has 11%. The said merger entitled Miller to a 52% economic interest while the rest is to Coors. The joint-venture, MillerCoors, was expected to benefit from an estimated $500 million from the integration of its distribution system and market shares.

Summary on Russia Country Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary on Russia Country Report - Essay Example The government remains especially intolerant of political protest, as illustrated by its response to a recent small-scale incident in Tibet, which is reported to have prompted many arrests. International Relations. China's co-operation with its neighbors to the North and West is strengthening. The most recent illustration of this came in August, when the Shanghai Co-operation Organisation (SCO), a group consisting of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, held joint military exercises for the first time. Over the outlook period, co-operation among SCO members will continue to develop. Joint military exercises held under the auspices of the Shanghai Co-operation Organization (SCO) in August prompted some observers to comment that the group could come to rival the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) as a military alliance. Tibet Outfalls. The claim to sovereignty over Tibet has implications for China's complicated relations with neighboring India. China maintains a claim to the entire Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, an area of 90,000 sq km running between Bhutan and Myanmar. The state includes a large area around the Tawang monastery that was previously under Tibetan control, but China's claims have broadened out to encompass the entire state, possibly as a method of forcing territorial compromises from India in the disputed Aksai Chin area of the western border near Kashmir. Although India has been careful not to overreact to Chinas more assertive pushing of its claim to Arunachal Pradesh, border issues between the two countries remain far from resolution. Economic Policy Outlook. In August, the government unveiled a scheme that would allow individual investors to invest in equity securities in Hong Kong. This move marks a further step towards liberalization of the capital account. Fiscal revenue growth outpaced expenditure growth in the first half of 2007. Monetary policy continues to be tightened, with increases in interest rates and bank reserve requirement ratios and a reduction in the tax on deposit interest earnings. Real year-on-year GDP growth reached 11.5% in the first half of 2007, up from 11.1% in 2006 as a whole. Soaring agricultural prices, notably for pork, forced consumer price inflation to a ten-year high in July. China's foreign-exchange reserves grew to US$1.3trn by end-June, an increase of 41.4% on the same month in 2006. The government has begun investing China's massive foreign exchange reserves in companies abroad. The stock market continues to rise despite a rise in stamp duty on share transactions. Reforms to the export tax rebate regime in the first half of 2007 boosted export growth, contributing to a massive surplus of US$155.6bn in January-July. Economic forecast. The underlying objective of economic policy remains the need to achieve strong rates of growth in order to create jobs and reduce the unrest associated with the massive changes that society is undergoing. The government will also seek to upgrade the quality of economic growth, promoting more research and

Obstacles in the Facilitation of Critical Thinking in Nursing Students Dissertation

Obstacles in the Facilitation of Critical Thinking in Nursing Students in Jeddah - Dissertation Example Critical thinking has, therefore, been recommended as a professional practice for nursing profession. Nursing students need to be trained and exposed adequately to the critical thinking process as part of nursing syllabi and pedagogy. A literature review of the works in the area of critical thinking has thrown up many isssues.This paper examines: what Is critical thinking; critical thinking as needed in nursing profession; strategies to facilitate critical thinking; techniques that can be used by teachers to help the students identify and challenge their assumptions and barriers to critical thinking. This paper aso seeks to address the various obstacles to critical thinking process being faced by a population of nursing profession students at King Abul Aziz University in Jeddah. This is done by triangulation method deploying the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the collected data. Quantitative data has been collected via a structured questionnaire administered to nur sing students and qualitative data is collected from smaller subgroups of both nursing students and faculty. The results of the analyses are used to form findings and recommendations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Enhancing critical thinking amongst student nurses is a common concern of nursing education. At least one previous study is known which ventured into probing the strategies to overcome obstacles in the facilitation of critical thinking in nursing education (Mangena & Chabeli, 2005). The findings of this study indicated that there is a need for nurse educators to model critical thinking in all aspects of nursing education. Recommendations suggested an entire paradigm shift in... As the report declares critical thinking has been variedly defined as a perceptive process involving reflective, disciplined, rigorous, sequenced and structured thinking which is based on well defined intellectual tenets and which differs from common thinking process. Critical thinking is structured collation of thoughts, ideas and patterns leading to sharper conclusions and analytical abilities. Nursing profession presents innumerable situations where substantial inputs of critical thinking can make substantial differences to the outcomes. The findings of this study indicated that there is a need for nurse educators to model critical thinking in all aspects of nursing education. Recommendations suggested an entire paradigm shift in nursing education from the traditional teacher-centered methods to a more learner-centered approach that will facilitate critical thinking of student nurses. Drawing from this study this research project would test the hypothesis that a paradigm shift in nursing education from the traditional teacher-centered methods to a more learner-centered approach would facilitate critical thinking of student nurses. This would be achieved by investigation and determination of the obstacles in the facilitation of critical thinking in fourth year nursing students in Jeddah by exploring the perceptions of nurse educators and nursing students. This study will benefit the nursing students, nurse educators, and the academic institution by raising their awareness of an important issue in nursing education tha t requires further recognition.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Essay

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) - Essay Example The main composition of the NACCP is basically made up of African Americans membership from different parts of the United States numbering over 300,000 (Jonas 107). The NAACP has been instrumental in assisting African Americans achieve their freedom through offering various activities for free. During the early agitation for equal rights for blacks, the NAACP was in the fore front of fighting for recognition of equal right for colored people through the courts. The organization offered free legal aids to fight for the freedom of colored people as well as offer pro-bono legal aid to jailed civil rights leaders. The groups gained prominence in the 1950 and 1960’s by winning several legal battles in the pursuit of equal rights for colored people in the United States. One of the philanthropic ways in which they participated in the fight for African American rights was through establishment of a defense fund. This fund was used in fighting court battles for the emancipation of the rights of black people. ... This board is today comprised of 64 members who ran the organization with a president who is the head of the organization. Several black leaders and civil rights crusaders have worked with NAACP in fighting for equal rights of colored people in America. Politicians such as Rev. Jesse Jackson and Kweisi Mfume are known to have worked with NAACP. NAACP has been instrumental in the US elections in the past and it cannot be ruled that a lot of politicians have used the organization to harbor political ambitions. The NAACP is today very instrumental in several societal issues in the USA and in some cases it has been instrumental in aiding black get prominent roles in the society (Skocpol 93). The organization has been active from the late 1990’s till today were its voice reflects a lot on the feeling and thoughts of colored people in the society. NAACP and Civil Society The NAACP is an organization that has been on the forefront of fighting for the rights of black people. Therefore , it is noteworthy to say that NAACP has helped in the momentum and push for civil society recognition in America. For instance, their legal battle to remove segregation of colored people in the education system and in many spheres in the society has brought great equal freedom in the United States. Its fight has seen the great acceptance of colored people in the United States and colored people have risen to greater heights in the US like President Obama. Large organizations such as the NAACP today have the voice to propel the fight for freedom of greater democratic space for its members (Skocpol 87). For instance, Skocpol in her book argues that organizations like AARP or AFL-CIO have centralized and organized offices to actively fight for rights of their members. She

Obstacles in the Facilitation of Critical Thinking in Nursing Students Dissertation

Obstacles in the Facilitation of Critical Thinking in Nursing Students in Jeddah - Dissertation Example Critical thinking has, therefore, been recommended as a professional practice for nursing profession. Nursing students need to be trained and exposed adequately to the critical thinking process as part of nursing syllabi and pedagogy. A literature review of the works in the area of critical thinking has thrown up many isssues.This paper examines: what Is critical thinking; critical thinking as needed in nursing profession; strategies to facilitate critical thinking; techniques that can be used by teachers to help the students identify and challenge their assumptions and barriers to critical thinking. This paper aso seeks to address the various obstacles to critical thinking process being faced by a population of nursing profession students at King Abul Aziz University in Jeddah. This is done by triangulation method deploying the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of the collected data. Quantitative data has been collected via a structured questionnaire administered to nur sing students and qualitative data is collected from smaller subgroups of both nursing students and faculty. The results of the analyses are used to form findings and recommendations. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Enhancing critical thinking amongst student nurses is a common concern of nursing education. At least one previous study is known which ventured into probing the strategies to overcome obstacles in the facilitation of critical thinking in nursing education (Mangena & Chabeli, 2005). The findings of this study indicated that there is a need for nurse educators to model critical thinking in all aspects of nursing education. Recommendations suggested an entire paradigm shift in... As the report declares critical thinking has been variedly defined as a perceptive process involving reflective, disciplined, rigorous, sequenced and structured thinking which is based on well defined intellectual tenets and which differs from common thinking process. Critical thinking is structured collation of thoughts, ideas and patterns leading to sharper conclusions and analytical abilities. Nursing profession presents innumerable situations where substantial inputs of critical thinking can make substantial differences to the outcomes. The findings of this study indicated that there is a need for nurse educators to model critical thinking in all aspects of nursing education. Recommendations suggested an entire paradigm shift in nursing education from the traditional teacher-centered methods to a more learner-centered approach that will facilitate critical thinking of student nurses. Drawing from this study this research project would test the hypothesis that a paradigm shift in nursing education from the traditional teacher-centered methods to a more learner-centered approach would facilitate critical thinking of student nurses. This would be achieved by investigation and determination of the obstacles in the facilitation of critical thinking in fourth year nursing students in Jeddah by exploring the perceptions of nurse educators and nursing students. This study will benefit the nursing students, nurse educators, and the academic institution by raising their awareness of an important issue in nursing education tha t requires further recognition.

The Battle for Stirling Bridge Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Battle for Stirling Bridge - Case Study Example Employees are the superior stakeholders of the company. Employees work towards the objective of the company. The skilled metal workers of the Stirling Bridge Company manufacture power tools including the Braveheart tools and other light and heavy industrial machinery and thus they exert their sphere of influence in maximizing the profit. Employees are the superior stakeholders of the company. Employees work towards the objective of the company. The skilled metal workers of the Stirling Bridge Company manufacture power tools including the Braveheart tools and other light and heavy industrial machinery and thus they exert their sphere of influence in maximizing the profit. Customers: Customers play a major role in the development of the organization as they are the consumers of the product produced by the company. The customers influence the company by giving feedback about the quality of the product. Suppliers: Raw materials are the main resources of an organization. Suppliers provide the necessary raw materials and influence the continuous production of the tools. Government: The organization should get the approval of the government before commencing its productions. The concern should abide by the rules and the standard acts imposed by the Government. The Government has full authority to take legal action against the company if any of its activities harm society.   Thus each of the stakeholders exercises their own influence in different areas of interest in the company thereby promulgating the production to a profitable extent.2. How might the actions of Stirling Bridge, with respect to its Braveheart line of tools, be regarded more as a stakeholder approach as opposed to a strict shareholder approach and which of Lantos’ types of Corporate Social Responsibility might be demonstrated by each of the actions taken?

Management Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Management Information Systems Essay This paper will discuss the local business of Fascinations Beauty Salon, and the internet strategic model to help develop this company. This business will have to have a new strategy that set up for the viable benefits. Fascinations Beauty Salon will need to be equipped in order to benefit from creating a website. This paper will also discuss the functions of the business through the internet website. Management Information Systems Fascinations Beauty Salon has been in business for quite a long time, like fifty years. It is located in the residential area down the street from an Elementary school and a Baptist Church. The owner Mrs. B. has been doing hair for the majority of her life in the same place and she still has plenty of clients. These clients have been her business for quite some time, and she shares her salon with another beautician that only works certain days. Just recently, Mrs. B. had been trying to research into expanding her business services and was asking about having her business on the internet. Mrs. B. had just realized that she wanted to be in the race with her competitors in the Galveston County area. I spoke to Mrs. B. he other day informing her that Fascinations Beauty Salon could expand the products that she sells on a regularly basis and as well as her services. Between the women that work at this place and the students that have been in the business to get a feel, or trained with internships that she should have a website. So that when people want or need some sort of hairstyle or needs a clip or maybe even a product that only she carries that, they could send a quick electronic email out to the business or they could go to her place of business to receive such services and products. I explained to her that E-commerce is a way that patrons and businesses are getting fast admission to the internet global market. E-commerce is spreading like a wildfire, in the areas of exporting and advertising of manufactured goods and benefits by the usage of central processing units and systems. I advised her that she could triple her business and that I would set up her business with an electronic commerce with a certain type of internet industry example like (B2C) industry-to-customer: which means that ustomers can buy immediately with her company instead of trading with any liaisons. Mrs. B. inquired about the ways that a web site could assist her in benefitting, and I informed her that a web site could assist her company receive a viable gain with a planned effect on her business. With the planned effect on her business implemented as having the lowest assembly or in service expenses, offering distinctive commodities, aiming a definite section of the marketplace, increasing new ways of liability dealing, increasing commodities, or benefits, and starting collections that labor jointly. With electronic storefronts, consumers can shop on the virtual web site via electronic files and shopping pushcart replicas. Also by moving your stock franchise business on the internet, it can improve productivity and increase the buyer overhaul. Here the business can develop an electronic exchange with a combination to contenders and dealers with the benefit of supercomputers and Web sites to purchase and vend merchandise, exchange market statistics, and manage the rear organization procedures, such as monitoring the supplies. The Fascinations Beauty Salon serviceable qualifications for the use of the internet and the web could subsidy it with the physical address of business, telephone number, e-mail, hours of functions, beauty salon overhaul proposed, such as (extensive overhaul shop, loveliness merchandise, waxing, alterations, facials / make-up / skin-care, perms, spirals, haircuts). Also shows advertisements, present documentations, brands suggestions, (Rusk, Nexus, CHI, Matrix, Logics, Red- kens), with exclusive overhaul proposals ( appointments, walk-ins welcome, free parking, group bookings, and clientele performances (all ages, children, men, women, wedding parties). The technological specifications for the chosen business consist of the listed hardware as the following: the case to holds the computer, and a CPU or central processing unit, (also known as a tower) along with drives like CD and DVD drives that can transfer information onto the CD’s and the DVD’s. A monitor the shows the information on the screen along with a keyboard that is used to type information into the computer and a mouse device as a pointing cursor that shows on the monitor. A printer used to print the information as displayed on the monitor. The server domain that I suggest for Fascinations Beauty Salon is Go Daddy. Com, it can be very useful with an SSL Certificate, offers many templates for the business, and is user friendly for everything that pertains to this business. As far as the software, I would recommend that this business would try Hair-Max Salon Software that offers many different optional tabs to assist the business and make it more profitable.

Health Risks of Coronary Heart Disease: Literature Review

Health Risks of Coronary Heart Disease: Literature Review Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is the main cause of death and disability in the United Kingdom (UK) and the sole most frequent cause of early death. In spite of a drop in CHD mortality in recent years, there are approximately 120,000 deaths per year in the UK making the quotient amongst the uppermost compared to the rest of the world (British Heart Foundation (BHF), 2003). Additionally, more than 1.5 million people in the UK are living with angina and 500,000 have heart failure (Department of Health (DH), 2004) commonly, although not wholly, caused by CHD. The World Health Organization (WHO) has forecast that by 2020, CHD will be the principle cause of death and morbidity throughout the world (Tunstall-Pedoe, 1999). However, not only does CHD affect the increasing rates of early deatjh, it can also cause individuals to experience â€Å"long-term chronic health problems†. There are numerous different kinds of cardiac illnesses that include: â€Å"congenital abnormalities, heart rhythm disturbances, valvular disease, acute coronary syndromes and heart failure† (Jones, 2003). It is important to note that the latter two conditions are more likely to affect older people and are the most prevalent among those with CHD (Rawlings-Anderson and Johnson, 2003). This essay will critically analyse the literature pertaining to the one of the most relevant health risks of CHD, that of chronic heart failure. The literature to be reviewed will analyse the issues that affect self-care in heart failure. To enable this review a comprehensive search of relevant databases such as CINAHL and the British Nursing Index was undertaken. Similarly, a thorough search of relevant nursing journals such as Nursing Standard, Nursing Times, British Journal of Cardiac Nursing, and British Journal of Nursing was also carried out. Also a general internet search using the keywords CHD, BHF, long-term chronic health problems, acute coronary syndromes, chronic heart failure, prevalence and associated factors was also employed. The rationale for choosing heart failure is that every year 63 000 new cases are reported in the UK and it is increasing in prevalence and incidence affecting more than 900 000 people per annum (Petersen et al, 2002). Heart failure presents a major predicament with regard to its effect on the individual sufferers, their significant others and also on healthcare measures and supply. People with heart failure by and large suffer from recurrent episodes of acute exacerbation of their symptoms. As a consequence, admission to hospital is great and accounts for approximately 5 percent of all admissions to general medical or elderly care hospital beds within the UK. Readmission rates are as high as 50 percent in the six months following the original stay in hospital (Nicholson, 2007). It is posited that experience of illness and grim clinical outcomes are fundamentally as a result of uncontrolled symptoms through non-adherence to suggested medication and lifestyle modifications (DH, 2000a). There are various current Governmental guidelines that expound the virtues of self-care of long-term conditions. However, The Department of Health’s (DOH, 2006) Supporting people with long-term conditions to self-care: A guide to developing local strategies and practices guide proposes that self-care is any actions or behaviours that help individuals to cope with the effects that their long-term condition has on their activities of daily living. These actions or behavioural changes hope to empower sufferers to deal with the emotional aspects, adhere to treatment routines and maintain the important aspects of life such as work and socialising. A thorough research of the literature surrounding self-care for long-term conditions such as heart failure has shown that several factors are in existence that influence self-care in heart failure. These include: socio-economics, condition-related, treatment related and patient related factors (Sabate, 2003, Leventhal et al, 2005). Socio-economic standing, degree of education, monetary restrictions and social support have all been emphasised as effecting self-care in patients with heart failure. Low socio-economic status and lack of education have been established to be significant factors relating to non-adherence and inadequate self-care (Gary, 2006; Van der Wal et al, 2006). Wu et al (2007) found that those on minimal incomes were regarded as high risk for non-adherence to medication. While a superior level of education was also found to be a major predictor of adherence in research papers by Evangelista and Dracup (2000) and Rockwell and Riegel (2001). Financial restraints connected to the price of medication have been acknowledged as a hindrance to adherence (Evangelista et al, 2003; Horowitz et al 2004; Wu et al, 2008). However, these reports have been performed in the United States (US) and in the main correlate to lack of medical insurance under a Medicaid scheme. It is therefore suggested that additional research is required to ascertain whether the price of medication notably impacts on adherence in the National Health Service (NHS). A number of studies have observed that social support is an important issue in influencing self-care (Ni et al, 1999; Artininan et al, 2002; Scotto, 2005; Schnell et al, 2006; Wu et al, 2008). Ortega-Gutierrez et al (2006) found a significant contrary relationship between perceived level of social support and level of self-care. Similarly, Chung et al (2006a) examined the bearing of marital status on medication adherence and found that married patients had considerably enhanced adherence to medication than those living by themselves. Patients with a partner took more doses, were aware of the importance of taking medications on time and were more knowledgeable about names and doses. By contrast however, Evangelista et al (2001) found no association between social support and adherence to medication and lifestyle behaviours, although the authors suggest this may be due to the high levels of social support reported in this sample. The method of social support has been illustrated in numerous qualitative studies. Stromberg et al (1999) explained the important role spouses performed in medication management such as giving their partners their tablets at prescribed times. Wu et al (2007) found that a supportive family helped with medication adherence by collecting medications from the pharmacy and filling dosage boxes. These authors deduced that those devoid of the effective commitment of relatives in self-care, some patients would have trouble sticking to their drug routine. The high intensity of social support was also shown to be a feature of patients considered to be knowledgeable in self-care (Riegel et al, 2007a). A number of factors relating to specific aspects of the condition have been described in the literature. These include the nature and severity of symptoms, functional ability, prior experience, the presence of comorbidities and cognitive functioning. Severity of symptoms and functional ability are important indicators of behaviour. Symptom severity was an independent predictor of self-care in a study by Rockwell and Riegel (2001). Wu et al (2007) found that patients with poor functional ability as measured by the New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA) had poorer self-care. However, prior experience of hospitalisation may also affect self-care with patients having prior hospitalization episodes more likely to carry out self-care effectively. It is suggested that this may be due to a high level of motivation to stay well and avoid hospitalization. Level of experience or time since diagnosis may also be important factors in determining self-care ability (Carlson et al, 2001). Although the precise mechanism is unclear, it may be related to an enhanced ability to recognise changing symptoms and the use of tried and tested strategies in response to symptoms. The presence of comorbidities, especially if symptoms are similar to those of heart failure, makes the recognition and subsequent management of symptoms difficult. Chriss et al (2004) found the number of comorbidities to be a significant predictor of self-care, those with few comorbidities having enhanced self-care. Self-management requires patients to make decisions and take actions in response to recognition of symptoms. However, cognitive deficits in heart failure have been well documented (Ekman, 1998 and Bennett, 2003). It is estimated that between 30 percent and 50 percent of heart failure patients have cognitive impairment (Leventhal et al, 2005). Wolfe et al (2005) found specific cognitive deficits of memory, attention and executive functioning, which were not related to illness severity. These deficits may impair the perception and interpretation of early symptoms and reasoning ability required for self-management. This is supported by Dickson et al (2007b) who found a correlation between impaired cognition and individuals inconsistently demonstrating effective self-care behaviour. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, common in heart failure, also deprives the body of sleep and has consequences for cognitive functioning and decision-making (Trupp and Corwin, 2008). Perhaps as a result, sleepi ness during the day has also been linked to poor self-care (Riegel et al, 2007b). Adherence to medication and lifestyle guidance has been linked to treatment-related factors such as the effects of medication or treatments, the intricacy of regimes and numerous changes in treatment. Riegel and Carlson (2002) and Van Der Wal et al (2006) found that adherence to a low sodium diet was hindered by the foul-tasting low salt food and problems when eating out in a restaurant. Limiting fluid intake was also controlled by thirst. Bennett et al (2005) found that the taking of diuretics disrupted sleep and this was a significant factor in non-adherence. Concerns about medication side effects are also of major concern to patients (Stromberg et al, 1999; Riegel and Carlson, 2002). The complexity of the treatment regime as indicated by a high number of administration times, for example, has been shown to decrease medication adherence (Riegel and Carlson, 2002; George et al, 2007; Van der Wal et al, 2007). It is suggested that individual patient characteristics have a major part in self-care behaviour. Age and gender may have some bearing on behaviour although there is relatively limited evidence. The presence of depression also had a negative impact on self-care ability. Chung et al (2006b) examined gender differences in adherence to a low salt diet in patients with heart failure. They found that adherence was higher in women. Women were also further capable of making nutritional decisions. This is in contrast to Gary (2006) who researched the self-care routine of women with heart failure and established that a only a small number of women in this sample abided by the suggested low salt diet, exercised or weighed themselves daily. The only behaviour that was practiced without fail was taking medication. Hardly any women recognised symptoms of heart failure or checked and monitored their symptoms on a regular basis. Chriss et al (2004) found that males and increasing age were separate, significant predictors of self-care. However, the relationship between age and self-care behaviour continues to be ambiguous. Evangelista et al (2003) found that elderly patients with heart failure had better adherence to medication, diet and exercise guidance than younger patients. Notably, depression influences the capacity to perform self-care behaviours successfully. There appears to be a preponderance of people who have heart failure who are also depressed. Approximately, 11 percent of out-patients and over 50 percent of hospitalised patients with heart failure are depressed (Leventhal et al, 2005). Depression has been revealed to be an important aspect predicting self-care (Dickson et al, 2006; Lesman-Leegte et al, 2006; Riegel et al, 2007b). DiMatteo et al (2000) declares that non-adherence is three times higher in depressed patients compared with those who are not depressed. The coexistence of depression i n patients with heart failure makes them vulnerable to inadequate self-care. CHD is a major cause of death and disability in the UK and is also the main cause of premature death. CHD also causes its sufferers to have long-term chronic comorbidities. One of those comorbitities is heart failure. Heart failure is increasing in prevalence and incidence every year in the UK. It not only affects the patient but also their family. Similarly, the incidences of heart failure have a massive impact on health care provision and resources. This is a consequence of the frequent acute exacerbations of the patient’s symptoms. Self-care of long-term conditions such as heart failure appear to be the Government’s current preoccupation and guidelines exist that offer strategies to those with long-term conditions that may help sufferers cope with the impact that their illness has on their everyday lives. However, evidence exists that show that there are certain factors that act as barriers and influence self-care in heart failure. These factors include lack of educa tion, financial constraints and social support. Cognitive ability, modification of life-styles, relationships, gender, age and mental illness have all been found to have an impact on the self-care of heart failure particularly with regards to medication adherence. There appears to be a dearth of research undertaken in the UK on the issues influencing self-care in heart failure. Therefore, it is recommended that further research is undertaken in the UK, as the health care and welfare provision is vastly different from that in the US. This may result in very dissimilar research outcomes. References Artinian NT, Magnan M, Sloan M, Lange MP (2002) Self-care behaviours among patients with heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 31, 3, 161-72 Bennett SJ, Sauve MJ (2003) Cognitive deficits in patients with heart failure: A review of the literature, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18, 3, 219-42 Bennett SJ, Lane KA, Welch J, Perkins SM, Brater DC, Murray MD (2005) Medication and dietary compliance beliefs in heart failure, Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27, 8, 977-93 British Heart Foundation (2003) Coronary Heart Disease Statistics, London, BHF Carlson B, Riegel B, Moser DK (2001) Self-care abilities of patients with heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 30 5, 351-9 Chriss PM, Sheposh J, Carlson B, Riegel B (2004) Predictors of successful heart failure self-care maintenance in the first three months after hospitalisation, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 33, 6, 345-53 Chung ML, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Riegel BJ (2006a) Presence of a spouse improves adherence to medication in patients with heart failure, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12, 6, S1-S100 Chung ML, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Worrall-Carter L, Bentley B, Trupp R, Armentano DS (2006b) Gender differences in adherence to the sodium-restricted diet in patients with heart failure, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12, 8, 628-34 Department of Health (2006) Supporting people with long-term conditions to self-care: A guide to developing local strategies and practices, London, The Stationery Office Dickson VV, Deatrick JA, Goldberg LR, Riegel B (2006) A mixed methods study exploring the factors that facilitate and impede heart failure self-care, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12, 6, S124-5 Dickson VV, Tkacs N, Riegel B (2007b) Cognitive influences on self-care decision making in persons with heart failure, American Heart Journal, 154, 424-31 DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW (2000) Depression is a risk factor for non-compliance with medical treatment, Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 14, 2101-7 Department of Health (2000a) National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease: Modern Standards and Service Models, London, The Stationery Office Department of Health (2004) NHS Improvement Plan: Putting People at the Heart of Public Services, London, The Stationery Office Ekman I, Andersson B, Ehnfors M, Matejka G, Persson B, Fagerberg B (1998) Feasibility of a nurse-monitored, outpatient-care programme for elderly patients with moderate-to-severe chronic heart failure, European Heart Journal, 19, 1254-60 Evangelista LS and Dracup K (2000) A closer look at compliance research in heart failure patients in the last decade, Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 15, 3, 97-103 Evangelista LS, Berg J and Dracup K (2001) Relationship between psychosocial variables and compliance in patients with heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 30, 4, 294-301 Evangelista LS, Doering LV, Dracup K, Westlake C, Hamilton M, Fonarow GC (2003) Compliance behaviours of elderly patients with advanced heart failure, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 18, 3, 197-208 Gary R (2006) Self-care practices in women with diastolic heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 35, 1, 9-19 George J, Shalansky SJ (2007) Predictors of refill non-adherence in patients with heart failure, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 63, 4, 488-93 Horowitz CR, Rein SB, Leventhal H (2004) A story of maladies, misconceptions and mishaps: effective management of heart failure, Social Science Medicine, 58, 3, 631-43 Jones I (2003) Acute coronary syndromes: identification and patient care, Professional Nursing, 18, 5, 289-92 Lesman-Leegte I, Jaarsma T, Sanderson R, Van Veldhuisen DJ (2006) Depressive symptoms are prevalent amongst elderly hospitalised heart failure patients, European Journal of Heart Failure, 8, 634-40 Leventhal MJE, Riegel B, Carlson B, De Geest S (2005) Negotiating compliance in heart failure: remaining issues and questions, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 4, 298-307 Ni H, Nauman D, Burgess D, Wise K, Crispell K, Hershberger RE (1999) Factors influencing knowledge of and adherence to self-care among patients with heart failure, Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 1613-9 Ortega-Gutierrez A, Comin-Colit J, Quinones S (2006) Influence of perceived psychosocial support on self-care behaviour of patients with heart failure managed in nurse-led heart failure clinics, Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, Spring: 160 Nicholson C (2007) Heart failure: A clinical nursing handbook, Chichester, John Wiley and Sons Petersen S, Rayner M, Wolstenholme J (2002) Coronary heart disease statistics: heart failure supplement, London, British Heart Foundation Riegel B, Carlson B (2002) Facilitators and barriers to heart failure self-care, Patient Education and Counselling, 46, 287-95 Riegel B, Dickson VV, Goldberg LR, Deatrik J (2007a) Factors associated with the development of expertise in heart failure self-care, Nursing Research, 56, 4, 235-43 Riegel B, Dickson VV, Goldberg LR (2007b) Social support predicts success in self-care in heart failure patients with excessive daytime sleepiness, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 13, S183-4 Rockwell JM, Riegel B (2001) Predictors of self-care in persons with heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 30, 18-25 Sabate E. (2003) Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action, Geneva, WHO Schnell KN, Naimark BJ, McClement SE (2006) Influential factors for self-care in ambulatory care heart failure patients: A qualitative perspective, Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16, 1, 13-19 Scotto CJ (2005) The lived experience of adherence for patients with heart failure, Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 25, 3, 158-63 Stromberg A, Bromstrom A, Dahlstrom U, Fridlund B (1999) Factors influencing patient compliance with therapeutic regimens in chronic heart failure: A critical incident technique, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 28, 334-41 Trupp R, Corwin EJ (2008) Sleep-disordered breathing, cognitive functioning and adherence in heart failure: Linked through pathology? Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23, 1, 32-6 Van der Wal MHL, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJGM, Van Gilst WH, Van Veldhuisen DJ (2006) Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance of knowledge and beliefs, European Heart Journal, 27, 4, 434-40 Wolfe R, Worrall-Carter L, Foister K, Keks N, Howe V (2005) Assessment of cognitive function in heart failure patients, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 5, 158-64 Wu J, Lennie TA, Moser DK (2007) Predictors of medication adherence using a multidimensional adherence model in patients with heart failure, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 13, 6, S75 Wu J, Moser DK, Lennie TA, Peden AR, Chen Y, Heo S (2008) Factors influencing medication adherence in patients with heart failure, Heart Lung The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 37, 8-16 Tunstall-Pedoe H (1999) Contributions of trends in survival and coronary-event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations: Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease, Lancet, 353, 9164, 1547-1557 Rawlings-Anderson K, Johnson K (2003) Myocardial infarction and older people, Nursing Older People, 15, 6, 29-34

Public Speaking :: essays research papers

A Moment of Immense Success Over the years, I have always admired those who have had great accomplishments in their lives. Since graduating from high school in 1989, my experiences have been mixed but they have been largely good. Some of my experiences included serving in the military for seven years, living and working in Germany for 12 years, and learning a foreign language. One person who I greatly admire for her public speaking skills and overall success is Ms. Oprah Winfrey. Despite all the obstacles in her life, she has managed to overcome and accomplish many great things. Although Oprah is the richest woman in the entertainment field, she seems to be very humble, and treats everyone with the same amount of respect, whether they are rich or middle-class. In many ways, I can relate to some of the issues that she has dealt with publicly. For example, it is no secret that she has been publicly dealing with her weight going up and down. Over the years, I too have been dealing with my weight fluctuating up and down. Every time that I watch her show, I sit back with amaze on the way that she delivers her point across to her audience with such perfection. Considering that she has approximately 3 million viewers per show, and does not appear to be nervous at all. In comparison with my background in the U.S. Army, I can remember making several speeches to my soldiers, and I did not feel nervous one bit at all. In my opinion, it is very refreshing to see a celebr ity of her stature, to be so down to earth, and so giving if her time (and money). Along with the rest of world, I have grown to listen when Ms. Winfrey speaks, who is currently one of the most powerful business persons in the world. During my high school days, my grades were satisfactory, but not to boast about, you can trust me on that issue. The fact that I can seen Oprah become the person that she is today, make me want to be the best person that I can possible become. Most recently, I have decided to return to school to obtain my bachelor’s degree in business management. In addition, it is my goal to obtain my master’s degree in business administration directly after finishing my bachelor’s degree. In today’s business world, I have noticed that without a vital education, one will not be able to climb the corporate ladder.

Death Penalty And The Eighth Amendment :: essays research papers

Death Penalty and The Eighth Amendment The expression â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† has taken on a whole new meaning. Lately, murderers have been getting a punishment equal to their crime, death. In 1967, executions in the United States were temporarily suspended to give the federal appellate courts time to decide whether or not the death penalty was unconstitutional. Then, in 1972, the United States Supreme Court ruled in the case of â€Å"Furman versus Georgia† that the death penalty violated the Eight Amendments. According to the Eighth Amendment, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, no excessive fines imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted.† After the Supreme Court made this ruling, states reviewed their death penalty laws. In 1976, in the case of â€Å"Gregg versus Georgia† the Supreme Court ruled state death penalty laws were not unconstitutional. Presently in the United States the death penalty can only be used as punishment for intentional killing. Still, the death penalty violates the Eighth Amendment and should be outlawed in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Currently in the United States there are five methods used for executing criminals: the electric chair, gas chamber, lethal injection, hanging, and firing squad, each of them equally cruel and unusual in there own ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a person is sentenced to death by electrocution he strapped to a chair and electrodes are attached to his head and leg. The amount of voltage is raised and lowered a few times and death is supposed to occur within three minutes. Three whole minutes with electricity flowing through someone's body, while his flesh burns. Three minutes may not seem like a very long time, but to someone who is waiting for his body to die, three minutes can feel like an eternity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three minutes is the approximate time it takes for a person to die if everything goes right, but in some cases it takes longer for people to die. In 1990, Jesse Tafero, a prisoner in Florida, remained conscious for four minutes while witnesses watched ashes fall from his head. In Georgia in 1984, it took nearly twenty minutes for Alpha Otis Stephens to die. At 12:18 am on December 12, he was shocked with electricity for two minutes, and his body still showed signs of life. The doctors had to wait six minutes to examine his body because it was too hot to touch. Stephens was still alive, so he was electrocuted for another two minutes. Finally at 12:37 am doctors pronounced him dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a person is executed in the gas chamber he is strapped to a chair

Is It Realistic to Expect Marriage to Last Life Time

Is it realistic to expect marriage to last lifetime? Marriage suppose to last forever. When we decide to get married, we truly believe that forever will happen. Most of us do not have realistic policy or strategy to know how to make a marriage last lifetime . marriage is a bond between a woman and a man. One of the major reasons of unhappy marriage is having unrealistic expectations. There are many ways that make marriage last lifetime and will be discussed later in this paper. The first thing to remember is that keeping marriage healthy and happy requires nurturing or caring and energy . marriage contains two human beings who both need to be appreciated ,heard, valued and respected. In building a strong marriage is to treat each other with affection and respect. Affection and respect are essential for long lasting marriage. Meanwhile we should be courteous, tender, and thoughtful to each other and help each other when hard times come. We have to forgive each other because without forgiveness we cannot walk together or cannot live together. However, when we fall in love, we usually think that is all we will need to be happy . In the beginning of relationship we do our best to express our love and good will even when we are upset. In addition, lasting marriage lifetime requires good communication . communication is the ability to express and listen to each other . For instance, when we feel angry, hurt and disappointment; we have to talk to our partner and do our best to resolve our argument as soon as it arises. We have to have mutual respect and trust on each other and we have to convince each other. Successful couples are able to replace the romantic love with a more long lasting love. Marriage is bound to have ups and down . this does not mean marriages cannot be happy.

Jaws

The film ‘Jaws’, was made in 1975 and is a thriller set on a small American town called Amityville. The film is about a man-eating great white shark that terrorises the seas of Amityville and it’s public who swim in it. Steven Spielberg directs this nail-biting thriller. ‘Jaws’ is set on the 4th of July, which is an American Independence day. This film will keep you on the edge of your seats. This essay will show how Spielberg creates tension and suspense throughout the film. One of the most famous techniques used in the film ‘Jaws’ was the music. At the start of the film the screen is dark and the music begins. The pitch is low and the tempo is slow, as the sequence goes on the tempo starts to speed up and the pitch gets higher. When the tempo of the music speeds up it is like the heartbeat of the shark, which is getting faster because the shark is getting excited about something. At the same time the audience get nervous about what the shark is preparing to do. This sequence is used throughout the film to make the audience aware that the shark is about to attack. Before the first attack is about to happen there is a lot of chatter, firelight and mouth organs being played. This makes it a good contrast to the scary scene that is about to happen. When the girl runs off with the drunken boy the scene starts to get darker and quieter as they go further and further away from where all the people are. The girl runs into the water and the drunken boy lies down on the beach. The camera then points at the girl who is all alone in the water and there is no sound or light at all which makes the audience think that something bad is about to happen. This is really helpful to build tension and to begin putting fear in the mind’s of the audience, through the contrasts in the setting and in the changes in the music. As well as the use of music in this film Spielberg similarly uses camera techniques to scare the audience. Before the second attack the camera shows a mid shot at the boy and the women who are close together which makes the audience think that the relationship between these two people is like mother and child. While Brody watches the sea Spielberg uses mid shots, medium close ups and close up shots to show that Brody is getting more anxious. Then there is a point of view shot which is shot under water were the audience can see everyone’s legs. This creates a sense of dramatic irony where the audience know that something is underneath their feet but the people in the water don’t. As the second attack starts Brody realises suddenly what is happening and the camera zooms into his face. The camera also starts to show lots of flashing images of people panicking and the boy being eaten. This scares the audience because they have just witnessed an innocent child being eaten. This keeps the tension up in the film which makes the audience think that if it can kill an innocent child, how much further will it go. Another way Spielberg builds up tension is by how he portrays the shark. In the first attack he doesn’t show the shark; this makes the audience think and imagine what is lurking under the waters. He also shows how strong this shark is when in the first attack the creature attacks the girl and swings her from side to side and eventually pulls her into the water. Also into the second attack the creature eats the little boy and rips his Lillo to shreds. Throughout the film Spielberg reveals the shark bit by bit. Spielberg also shows real shark footage (when he films the attack in the cage) to make it look real and scare the audience, the audience is eager to see the shark which is another reason why he filmed it using a real shark. On the last attack the shark jumps onto the boat, the audience find it amusing because throughout the film they’ve been getting scared of a model shark. When the shark bites the girl you can from her face immediately that she is in pain she also shows this because she screams hysterically which makes the audience think what is happening to her. Spielberg avoids the shark at this point because it’s so early in the film and if he shows it at this stage then the audience will realise that it’s only a model shark and there would be no point watching the film. Another reason why he didn’t show the shark at this stage is because he wouldn’t have caught the audience out at the nd. So instead he used the characters’ reaction to show the power and the strength of the shark. Finally the way the story progresses will add to the tension of the film. Spielberg films the first two attacks together so throughout the film the audience will except an attack at any time which will make them always feel tense. The 4th of July is an American Independence Day which is a public holiday for everyone. It is summer and all the people are at the seaside having a good time. Spielberg chose this scene because there are more people in danger which leads to a dramatic affect. This attack also involves Brody’s son, which keeps the audience tense because we know who Brody’s son is. The more you know about a character the more the more tense you will feel about them when they are being attacked. For example the last section of the film when all the main characters are under attack in this scene, the fact that we know more about the characters makes every moment tense when the shark circles around them. Overall, the most tense moment in the film is the scene when the shark is attacking the cage. This scene is particularly scary because Spielberg used a real shark to film this scene which looks bigger and scarier, and the way it bent the cage bars really showed how strong the shark is. This is what I think is the most tense scene and is the scene that made most of the audience tense. These are the most important techniques that Steven Spielberg used to build tension and suspense in the audience’s minds.

Crash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crash - Essay Example Hysteric Jean became suspicious of him because he also changes locks at the Persian shop owned by Farhad. They have a Mexican maid she trusts. Farhad had a break in at his shop, so he went with his daughter Dorri to buy a gun. He suspected Daniel, the locksmith, because they had a misunderstanding and he did not pay him for his last job. So found his address and tried to shoot him, but Daniel’s daughter jumps in-front of him. Luckily, the gun had no bullets, so no one is hurt. Police officers John Ryan and Tom Hanson work together. Hanson feels Ryan is racist so he wants to file a complaint but the boss refuses because they could both loose their jobs. Hanson gave Peter a lift one day but shoots him because he thought he had a gun, they then throw his body out on the street. Ryan calls his very sick fathers’ health insurance company for his medication but yells at the black customer service lady. Ryan pulls over film directors Cameron and Christine who get into a fight after she is inappropriately touched by Ryan and believes her husband should have stopped

A Conceptual Model of E-Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 22500 words

A Conceptual Model of E-Business - Coursework Example Considerable confusion exists in the literature concerning the various terminologies used to describe E-Business. Terms abound with vague descriptions having loose connections to existing management literature and even more cryptic relationships to evolving technology. Despite this, however, there is the relative consensus that the core components of E-Business are Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and e-commerce. It is important to note that a business may not deploy every component or even attempt to link the three components. Some texts use the term 'enterprise Resource Management" or ERM as a comprehensive term meant to include all E-Business systems in one conceptual entity. It may, thus, be argued that these systems are distinctly different, serve specific functions and may or may not "add up" to a comprehensive organizational capability. Some texts use the term 'enterprise Resource Management" or ERM as a comprehensive term meant to include all E-Business systems in one conceptual entity. It may, thus, be argued that these systems are distinctly different, serve specific functions and may or may not "add up" to a comprehensive organizational capability. The objective of this research is to distinguish and develop a conceptual model of E-Business, on the one hand, and determine, or try to evaluate the potential social impact of e-business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Within the context of the stated, it need be noted that legal strictures have inhibited the development of e-business in KSA but, these restrictions are gradually being lifted. It remains, however, important to emphasize that lack of an e-business presence in Saudi Arabia implies that, rather than evaluate the actual effect within the country of focus, the study will look towards theoretical and empirical studies on the social impact of e-business for the determination of potential, and probable, effect. The Internet has emerged as a key business medium for both large and small firms. Firms are increasingly using the Internet, the World Wide Web (WWW), and other web technologies1 to expand their markets, to conduct business transactions with customers and suppliers, and to enhance their competitive position.